A Twenty-Year Study of Asphalt Rubber Pavements in the City of Phoenix, Arizona Author(s): Charania, Equbalali; Cano, Joe O. and Schnormeier, Russell H. Origin: Industry, Arizona Date: 1991 Categories: Performance Key Words: asphalt-rubber, asphalt-rubber chip seal, standard chip seal, conventional chip seal, flush seal, stress absorbing membrane (SAM), stress absorbing membrane interlayer (SAMI), mini SAMI, asphalt-rubber gap-graded concrete (ARC), reflective crack Summary: The details of Asphalt-Rubber application on city streets, pioneered by the City of Phoenix since mid 1960, are outlined. There were some problems encountered in the early use of this materials and they are noted. Various guidelines and specifications for the successful use of Asphalt-Rubber developed by the city during this period are summarized.